✦ Biblical Chronology ✦

The Timeline

The chronological axis of Scripture — from the patriarchs to the Passion, anchored in text and archaeology

I. Patriarchal Era
c. 1951 BCE Birth of Abraham The call of Abram from Ur of the Chaldeans — the covenant of the land, the seed, and the blessing
c. 1876 BCE Call of Abraham — Departure from Haran Genesis 12:1–4 · Age 75 at departure · Entry into Canaan begins the covenant clock
c. 1851 BCE Birth of Isaac The son of promise born to Abraham (100) and Sarah (90) · Genesis 21:5
c. 1791 BCE Birth of Jacob / Israel The twelve tribes originate here · Genesis 25:26 · Jacob renamed Israel at Peniel (Gen. 32:28)
c. 1670 BCE Joseph Sold into Egypt Genesis 37 · The descent into Egypt begins · Joseph rises to vizier under Pharaoh
c. 1661 BCE Jacob's Family Descends to Egypt Genesis 46 · 70 persons, Acts 7 · The 215-year Egyptian sojourn clock begins
⚓ Chronological Anchor
II. Egypt & the Exodus
c. 1526 BCE Birth of Moses Exodus 2 · Born during the period of oppression · Hidden three months, placed in the Nile, adopted by Pharaoh's daughter
1446 BCE — 15 Nisan The Exodus from Egypt Anchored by 1 Kings 6:1 — 480 years before Solomon's fourth year (966 BCE) · Passover night; Israel departs Rameses → Ha-Derekh Poster
⚓ Primary Chronological Anchor
1446 BCE — 17 Nisan Crossing of the Reed Sea Morning watch · Wind-setdown at the Ballah Lakes · Egypt destroyed; Israel redeemed · Type of the resurrection → Leviticus 23 Poster
1446 BCE — 6 Sivan Torah Given at Sinai Exodus 19–20 · Fifty days after the Reed Sea crossing · YHWH descends in fire; 3,000 die at the golden calf · Type of Pentecost → Leviticus 23 Poster
1406 BCE Death of Moses — Plains of Moab Deuteronomy 34 · Forty years in the wilderness complete · Joshua commissioned · Israel poised to enter Canaan → The Way of the Exodus
III. Conquest & Settlement
1406 BCE — 17 Nisan Crossing of the Jordan Joshua 3–4 · Waters parted; Israel enters Canaan · First Passover in the land on 14 Nisan · Manna ceases on 16 Nisan
c. 1406–1380 BCE Conquest of Canaan Joshua 6–12 · Destruction layers at Hazor, Lachish, Debir confirmed archaeologically · New highland villages with distinct Israelite material culture appear c. 1200 BCE → Trust the Bible Poster
c. 1208 BCE Merneptah Stele Egypt · "Israel is laid waste, his seed is not" — earliest extrabiblical mention of Israel as a distinct people in Canaan → Trust the Bible Poster
IV. United & Divided Monarchy
c. 1010–970 BCE Reign of David Tel Dan Stele (9th c. BCE): "House of David" confirmed · City of David excavations: monumental 10th century structures consistent with a functioning kingdom → Trust the Bible Poster
966 BCE — Solomon's Year 4 Temple Foundation Laid 1 Kings 6:1 · 480 years after the Exodus — the primary chronological anchor for the 1446 BCE dating · Construction begins on the First Temple
⚓ Chronological Anchor
c. 930 BCE Division of the Kingdom 1 Kings 12 · Rehoboam (Judah) and Jeroboam (Israel) · The northern kingdom introduces syncretist worship at Bethel and Dan
c. 701 BCE Sennacherib's Siege of Lachish 2 Kings 18–19 · Lachish Reliefs in Sennacherib's palace at Nineveh confirm the biblical account scene for scene · Hezekiah's tunnel (Siloam inscription) dated to same period → Trust the Bible Poster
V. Exile & Return
605–586 BCE Babylonian Exile Three deportations under Nebuchadnezzar · Jerusalem and Temple destroyed 586 BCE · Al-Yahudu archive: thousands of tablets recording Jewish exiles by name in Babylon → Trust the Bible Poster
539 BCE Cyrus Decree — Return from Babylon Ezra 1 · Isaiah 44:28 names Cyrus a century before his birth · The seventy years of Jeremiah fulfilled · Daniel's prayer of Daniel 9 offered in this period → Prophecies of Daniel
457 BCE Decree of Artaxerxes — Start of the 70 Weeks Ezra 7 · Daniel 9:25 — "from the going out of the word to restore and build Jerusalem" · The 483-year clock to Messiah the Prince begins here · 483 years → 27 CE (baptism of Yeshua) → Prophecies of Daniel
⚓ Chronological Anchor
VI. Second Temple Period
c. 516 BCE Second Temple Completed Ezra 6 · Zerubbabel's Temple · Smaller than Solomon's · The four Yoma miracles cease forty years before its destruction — c. 30 CE → Cessation of Miracles Poster
27 CE Baptism of Yeshua — Beginning of Ministry Luke 3:1 — "fifteenth year of Tiberius" = 27/28 CE · End of Daniel's 483 years from 457 BCE · "Messiah the Prince" presented to Israel → The True Gospel
⚓ Chronological Anchor
VII. Passion, Resurrection & Pentecost — 30 CE
30 CE · 14 Nisan · Thursday Crucifixion of Yeshua Death at 3 pm — the hour of the tamid offering · Burial before sunset · "Our Pesach has been sacrificed" (1 Cor. 5:7) · The annual Sabbath of 15 Nisan begins at sunset → Leviticus 23 Poster
30 CE · 15–16 Nisan · Fri–Sat Body in the Tomb — Three Days & Three Nights 15 Nisan: Annual Sabbath (high Sabbath, John 19:31) — Night 1 / Day 1 · 16 Nisan: Matzot Day 2 — Night 2 / Day 2 · 17 Nisan begins Saturday at sunset — Night 3 begins
30 CE · 17 Nisan · Before Dawn Sunday Resurrection — Bikkurim Before sunrise · Wave-sheaf day — "firstfruits of those who sleep" (1 Cor. 15:20) · Forty-seventh anniversary of the Reed Sea crossing (1446 BCE · 17 Nisan) · Type fulfilled exactly → Leviticus 23 Poster
30 CE · 6 Sivan · Pentecost Shavuot — Acts 2 · Gift of the Spirit Fifty days after Bikkurim · Spirit descends in tongues of fire · 3,000 added (Acts 2:41) — inversion of the 3,000 who died at Sinai (Exod. 32:28) · Torah written on hearts (Jer. 31:33) → Leviticus 23 Poster
70 CE Destruction of the Second Temple Titus · 9 Av · The four Yoma miracles had ceased forty years earlier (c. 30 CE) · The Talmud's own testimony to the significance of that year → Cessation of Miracles Poster
VIII. The Remaining Week — Daniel's 70th Week
Future · Dan. 9:27 The Seventieth Week Daniel's final week of seven years · "He shall confirm a covenant with many for one week" · The interval between the 69th week (fulfilled in 30 CE) and the 70th remains open → Prophecies of Daniel
Future · Rev. 19–20 The Return & the Kingdom The fulfilment of the Feast of Trumpets (Yom Teruah), Yom Kippur, and Sukkot — the autumn feasts await their antitype as the spring feasts received theirs in 30 CE → Leviticus 23 Poster